Smoking charcoal

Introduction to Products ：
Raw Materials：Apple tree wood, pear tree wood.
Characters：
Charcoal is a product of pyrolization of wood under conditions of insufficient oxygen.
Color: Generally speaking, it appears in different color when made under different temperatures. At 250℃, it appears brown, not easy to be broken. At 300~450℃, it appears black. When the temperature reaches 700℃ or higher, it appears bright black, when knocked, giving a metal sound.
The mechanical strength is the strongest longitudinally, weaker radially and the weakest along the hypotenuse. When the flame failure temperature is the same, its strength grows as the time increases.
Generally, the density is between 0.8~1.2g/3.There may be difference depending on the quality and kind of raw material and the flame failure temperature and rising speed of the temperature. Generally speaking, the specific weight of hard wood is larger.
It has relatively large specific surface and strong absorbing force. The total surface of a gram can be as large as 500.
Heating Power: generally 6500—8000kcal/, the higher the carbonization temperature, the larger the carbon content and the higher the heating power.
Electric Conductivity: When the flame failure temperature is over 700℃, the structure of the atom changes, producing partly hexagonal horizontal circular structure like that of graphite, so, electric conductive. When the carbonization temperature is lower than 600℃, no electric conductivity.
Combustibility: Full combustion in air gives out heat and produces CO2.Incomplete combustion gives out CO. The formula is C+O2=CO2+heat 2C+O2=2CO+heat.
Reduction: It can be used as reductive agent, for instance: carbon power + cupric oxide heated together can produce red copper, 2CUO+C=2CU+CO2.
Processes of Charcoal Production and Principle
I. Processes: There are many types of kilns such as internal heating, outside heating, dry distillation, iron, earth and circulating kiln, etc. But the principle is generally the same. Put wood in the kiln, ignite at the opening, That process is to decompose the volatiles, i.e. hydrogen and oxygen elements. Acetic acid, methanol and wood tar oil are decomposed by heating without air supplied. At the same, by control of the time of carbonization the quality of the finished product is improved with better hardness and strength. The longer the time of carbonization, the slower the speed of temperature rise and drop. Generally, the better the density and hardness the better the quality. Normally, it takes 10-15 days from loading to removal out of the kiln to produce low temperature charcoal. The quality is also nice, only the metal-like rings and metal sound are less. It takes 20-25 days to produce medium and high temperature charcoal.
There are 5 stages from loading to removal:

1.Drying: Temperature 120-150℃, pyrolization speed very low because the moisture of the wood has to be evaporated by heat supplied from outside, the chemical composition of the wood experiences little change.
2. Pre-carbonization: Temperature 150--275℃, apparent pyrolization, chemical composition starting to change, unstable ingredients such as hemicellulose decomposed into CO2 , CO and some acetic acid.
3.Carbonization: Temperature 275--400℃,sharp pyrolization producing large quantities of decomposed product, the liquid product produced containing large quantities of acetic acid, methanol and wood tar oil. The gas produced containing less and less moisture and more and more methane and ethane, a lot of reactive heat discharged, so called heat generating reaction stage.
4. Calcination: Temperature 450--500℃, calcinations with heat supplied from outside to remove remaining volatiles to raise the fixed carbon content, little liquid produced now
5. Charcoal making: Temperature 700--1000℃, different methods to be used as per the raw material and the use
Black charcoal: Mostly, soft charcoal with bark attached to the surface, easy to be ignited, combustion temperature high, extensively used for metal refinery and forging; almost all the charcoals produced in the world belong to this kind. Carbonization at 400℃ to 700℃, then sealed in the kiln till the flame dies out.
White charcoal: When carbonization completed, raise the temperature in the kiln to around 1000℃, then remove the charcoal out of the kiln and spread blanketing powder on it. When the surface of the charcoal is covered by blanketing power it appears white. So, it’s called white charcoal. Because of rapid high temperature and cold treatment the bark is burnt and the surface of the charcoal is smooth and hard. When knocked, clear metal sound will be heard.
II. Production Principle: Earliest charcoal is got accidentally. Later people star